Classical Conditioning of Adult Drosophila.

Olfactory classical conditioning paradigms have been extensively used since the early 1970s to apply genetic approaches to the study of memory in Drosophila. Over the intervening years, advances in genetics have largely changed the focus of studies from the role of single genes in memory to investigation of memory-relevant neuronal circuits. However, the original behavioral paradigms have remained largely unaltered, besides investigators making a few useful tweaks to the training and testing apparatus and modifications to the operating procedures. In this protocol, we provide the reader with a detailed description of the manufacture and assembly of a typical T-maze apparatus, where populations of adult flies can be trained and their odor memory tested later, by giving them a binary choice between the two trained odors. We describe how variations of the training apparatus permit both aversive (odor-shock) and appetitive (odor-sugar) memories to be studied. In addition, we describe a recent modification of the apparatus and protocol that permits study of multisensory (color and odor) aversive and appetitive learning. Control assays for sensory acuity and locomotion are also included.