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Diabetes is a bihormonal disorder resulting from combined insulin and glucagon secretion defects. Mice lacking fumarase (Fh1) in their β cells (Fh1βKO mice) develop progressive hyperglycemia and dysregulated glucagon secretion similar to that seen in diabetic patients (too much at high glucose and too little at low glucose). The glucagon secretion defects are corrected by low concentrations of tolbutamide and prevented by the sodium-glucose transport (SGLT) inhibitor phlorizin. These data link hyperglycemia, intracellular Na+ accumulation, and acidification to impaired mitochondrial metabolism, reduced ATP production, and dysregulated glucagon secretion. Protein succination, reflecting reduced activity of fumarase, is observed in α cells from hyperglycemic Fh1βKO and β-V59M gain-of-function KATP channel mice, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats, and patients with type 2 diabetes. Succination is also observed in renal tubular cells and cardiomyocytes from hyperglycemic Fh1βKO mice, suggesting that the model can be extended to other SGLT-expressing cells and may explain part of the spectrum of diabetic complications.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.003

Type

Journal article

Journal

Cell Metab

Publication Date

05/02/2019

Volume

29

Pages

430 - 442.e4

Keywords

Fh1, diabetes, glucagon, sodium-glucose co-transport, succination, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Cell Line, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucagon, Glucagon-Secreting Cells, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Insulin, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Potassium Channels, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Sodium