Prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies in REM sleep behavior disorder: A multicenter study.
Joza S., Hu MT., Jung K-Y., Kunz D., Arnaldi D., Lee J-Y., Ferini-Strambi L., Antelmi E., Sixel-Döring F., De Cock VC., Montplaisir JY., Welch J., Kim H-J., Bes F., Mattioli P., Woo KA., Marelli S., Plazzi G., Mollenhauer B., Pelletier A., Razzaque J., Sunwoo J-S., Girtler N., Trenkwalder C., Gagnon J-F., Postuma RB., International REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Study Group .
INTRODUCTION: Isolated/idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a powerful early predictor of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This provides an opportunity to directly observe the evolution of prodromal DLB and to identify which cognitive variables are the strongest predictors of evolving dementia. METHODS: IRBD participants (n = 754) from 10 centers of the International RBD Study Group underwent annual neuropsychological assessment. Competing risk regression analysis determined optimal predictors of dementia. Linear mixed-effect models determined the annual progression of neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: Reduced attention and executive function, particularly performance on the Trail Making Test Part B, were the strongest identifiers of early DLB. In phenoconverters, the onset of cognitive decline began up to 10 years prior to phenoconversion. Changes in verbal memory best differentiated between DLB and PD subtypes. DISCUSSION: In iRBD, attention and executive dysfunction strongly predict dementia and begin declining several years prior to phenoconversion. HIGHLIGHTS: Cognitive decline in iRBD begins up to 10 years prior to phenoconversion. Attention and executive dysfunction are the strongest predictors of dementia in iRBD. Decline in episodic memory best distinguished dementia-first from parkinsonism-first phenoconversion.